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CompoundIQ publishes research summaries for informational and educational purposes only. Nothing on this site constitutes medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment recommendations. Always consult a licensed healthcare provider. Many compounds listed are research chemicals not approved for human use.
Minoxidil
Also known as: Rogaine, Regaine
Minoxidil is a vasodilator originally developed for hypertension that was discovered to promote hair growth as a side effect. It is available as a topical solution (2% and 5%) and foam (5%) over-the-counter, and more recently in oral low-dose form. It is one of only two FDA-approved treatments for androgenetic alopecia and works independently of the androgen pathway.
Risk Level
Low RiskDifficulty
Beginner| CAS Number | 38304-91-5 |
| Molecular Formula | C9H15N5O |
| Class | Other |
| Category | Hair Loss Compounds |
Mechanism of Action
Minoxidil is converted to minoxidil sulfate by sulfotransferase enzymes in the scalp. The active metabolite opens potassium channels (KATP) in vascular smooth muscle, increasing blood flow to hair follicles. It also stimulates prostaglandin E2 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production, prolongs the anagen (growth) phase, increases follicle size, and may stimulate Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in dermal papilla cells.
Dosing Research
Topical: 1 mL of 5% solution or half-cap of 5% foam applied to scalp twice daily (or once daily for foam). Oral (off-label): 0.625-5 mg/day, typically starting at 1.25-2.5 mg/day. Results take 3-6 months. 'Dread shed' (initial shedding) is common at 2-8 weeks and indicates response. Must be continued indefinitely; gains reverse within 3-6 months of stopping.
Side Effects & Risks
Topical: scalp irritation, dryness, itching (more with alcohol-based solutions), unwanted facial hair growth (especially in women), initial shedding. Oral: fluid retention, dizziness, tachycardia, pericardial effusion (rare at low doses), hypertrichosis (body hair growth). Generally very safe topically. Oral low-dose is increasingly used but requires cardiac monitoring.
Research Studies
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Disclaimer
CompoundIQ publishes research summaries for informational and educational purposes only. Nothing on this site constitutes medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment recommendations. Always consult a licensed healthcare provider. Many compounds listed are research chemicals not approved for human use.