Disclaimer
CompoundIQ publishes research summaries for informational and educational purposes only. Nothing on this site constitutes medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment recommendations. Always consult a licensed healthcare provider. Many compounds listed are research chemicals not approved for human use.
Synephrine
Also known as: Bitter Orange, p-Synephrine, Citrus Aurantium
Synephrine is a naturally occurring alkaloid found in bitter orange (Citrus aurantium). It became popular as a replacement for ephedrine after the 2004 ban. It has mild thermogenic and lipolytic properties and is found in many over-the-counter fat burner supplements.
Risk Level
Low RiskDifficulty
Beginner| CAS Number | 94-07-5 |
| Molecular Formula | C9H13NO2 |
| Class | Other |
| Category | Fat Loss Agents |
Mechanism of Action
Synephrine primarily activates beta-3 adrenergic receptors, which stimulate lipolysis and thermogenesis without significantly affecting heart rate or blood pressure. It has minimal activity at alpha-1, alpha-2, beta-1, and beta-2 receptors, giving it a more favorable cardiovascular safety profile than ephedrine. It also mildly increases resting metabolic rate.
Dosing Research
Standard dose: 25-50 mg, 2-3 times daily. Often combined with caffeine and other thermogenics for synergistic effects. Typical fat burner supplements contain 10-50 mg per serving. Can be taken with or without food. No cycling typically required.
Side Effects & Risks
Generally well-tolerated. Mild effects may include slight increase in heart rate, headache, and nausea. Much safer cardiovascular profile than ephedrine. Some concern about adulteration of supplements with other more potent stimulants. Minimal adverse event reports at recommended doses.
Research Studies
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Disclaimer
CompoundIQ publishes research summaries for informational and educational purposes only. Nothing on this site constitutes medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment recommendations. Always consult a licensed healthcare provider. Many compounds listed are research chemicals not approved for human use.